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 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Bulletin of KSAU</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Bulletin of KSAU</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Вестник КрасГАУ</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1819-4036</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">114321</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36718/1819-4036-2026-4-188-197</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="edn">sosjee</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Зоотехния и ветеринария</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Animal breeding and veterinary surgery</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Зоотехния и ветеринария</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">ENSURING HIGH-PRECISION GENE SYNTHESIS AND CODON OPTIMIZATION FOR EFFICIENT CYTOKINE CO-EXPRESSION IN PROBIOTIC STRAINS OF LACTOBACILLUS SPP.</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ ВЫСОКОТОЧНОГО СИНТЕЗА ГЕНОВ И КОДОН-ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ ДЛЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОЙ КОЭКСПРЕССИИ ЦИТОКИНОВ В ПРОБИОТИЧЕСКИХ ШТАММАХ LACTOBACILLUS SPP.</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Самойленко</surname>
       <given-names>Виктор Сергеевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Samoilenko</surname>
       <given-names>Viktor Sergeevich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>viktor_samoylenko_26@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Лапина</surname>
       <given-names>Анастасия Александровна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Lapina</surname>
       <given-names>Anastasia Alexandrovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>anastasija.la2018@yandex.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Пушкин</surname>
       <given-names>Сергей Викторович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Pushkin</surname>
       <given-names>Sergey Viktorovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>Sergey-pushkin-st@yandex.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Светлакова</surname>
       <given-names>Елена Валентиновна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Svetlakova</surname>
       <given-names>Elena Valentinovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>alenka6121970@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Живодерова</surname>
       <given-names>Анастасия Игоревна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Zhivodyorova</surname>
       <given-names>Anastasia Igorevna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>nastya.zhivoderova007@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Кавказский федеральный университет</institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">North Caucasian Federal University</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Ставропольский государственный аграрный университет </institution>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Stavropol State Agrarian University</institution>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-01T09:39:29+03:00">
    <day>01</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-01T09:39:29+03:00">
    <day>01</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <fpage>188</fpage>
   <lpage>197</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-03T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>03</day>
     <month>02</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://sej.kgau.ru/en/nauka/article/114321/view">https://sej.kgau.ru/en/nauka/article/114321/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Цель исследования – разработка высокоэффективного метода синтеза и сборки длинных&#13;
кодон-оптимизированных генетических конструкций для последующей коэкспрессии в пробиоти-ческих штаммах бактерий. На базе Геномного центра Северо-Кавказского федерального универ-ситета в период с 2024 по 2025 г. были проведены комплексные исследования, направленные на разработку высокоточного метода синтеза генов и кодон-оптимизации для эффективной коэкс-прессии цитокинов в пробиотических штаммах Lactobacillus spp. Объекты исследования – нуклеотидные последовательности генов цитокинов крупного рогатого скота IL-10 (537 п.н.) и IL-22 (522 п.н.). Биоинформатическая кодон-оптимизация проведена с помощью программы GeneOpti¬mizer с адаптацией к профилю использования кодонов Lactobacillus spp., коррекцией GC-состава (52–55 %) и устранением нестабильных элементов. Сравнивали три метода сборки: классический фосфорамидитный синтез, гибридную сборку (аналог Gibson Assembly) и оптимизированный метод на платформе GeneOptimizer с интегрированной ВЭЖХ-очисткой. Результаты комплексного анализа показали, что все три исследованных методологических подхода принципиально обеспечивали возможность получения целевых полноразмерных генетических конструкций, однако продемонстрировали существенные и статистически значимые различия по ключевым параметрам, определяющим практическую применимость методов. Эти параметры включали точность синтеза (частоту ошибок), скорость выполнения процесса (время сборки) и общий выход полноразмерного продукта, что в совокупности формирует интегральный показатель эффективности каждой из технологий. Оптимизированный метод показал максимальную точность – 1 ошибка на 10 000 нуклеотидов, время сборки 16 ч и выход полноразмерного продукта 95 %. Классический и гибридный методы имели выход 45 и 55 % с частотой ошибок 1/500 и 1/2000 нт соответственно. Интеграция биоинформатического дизайна с автоматизированным синтезом и очисткой создает высокоточную платформу для получения генетических конструкций, обеспечивающих стабиль-ную коэкспрессию иммуномодуляторов в пробиотических штаммах Lactobacillus spp. для ветери-нарных применений.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The aim of the study is to develop a highly efficient method for the synthesis and assembly of long&#13;
codon-optimized genetic constructs for subsequent co-expression in probiotic bacterial strains. From 2024 to 2025, comprehensive studies were conducted at the Genome Center of the North Caucasus Federal University to develop a highly accurate method for gene synthesis and codon optimization for efficient&#13;
co-expression of cytokines in probiotic strains of Lactobacillus spp. The objects of the study were the nuc-leotide sequences of the bovine cytokine genes IL-10 (537 bp) and IL-22 (522 bp). Bioinformatics codon optimization was performed using the GeneOptimizer program with adaptation to the codon usage profile of Lactobacillus spp., correction of the GC composition (52–55 %), and elimination of unstable elements. Three assembly methods were compared: classical phosphoramidite synthesis, hybrid assembly (similar to Gibson Assembly), and an optimized method based on the GeneOptimizer platform with integrated HPLC purification. The results of a comprehensive analysis showed that all three methodological approaches were capable of producing full-length target genetic constructs, but demonstrated significant and statistically significant differences in key parameters determining the practical applicability of the methods. These parameters included synthesis accuracy (error rate), process speed (assembly time), and overall full-length product yield, which together form an integrated performance indicator for each technology. The optimized method demonstrated maximum accuracy – 1 error per 10,000 nucleotides – with an assembly time of 16 hours and a full-length product yield of 95 %. The classical and hybrid methods had yields of 45 % and 55 %, with error rates of 1/500 and 1/2000 nt, respectively. The integration of bioinformatic design with automated synthesis and purification creates a high-precision platform for producing genetic constructs that ensure stable coexpression of immunomodulators in probiotic Lactobacillus spp. strains for veterinary applications.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>кодон-оптимизированный синтез генов</kwd>
    <kwd>коэкспрессия цитокинов</kwd>
    <kwd>пробиотические штаммы Lactobacillus spp.</kwd>
    <kwd>интерлейкины IL-10 и IL-22</kwd>
    <kwd>высокоточный синтез</kwd>
    <kwd>платформа GeneOptimizer</kwd>
    <kwd>автоматизированная сборка генов</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>codon-optimized gene synthesis</kwd>
    <kwd>cytokine co-expression</kwd>
    <kwd>probiotic strains of Lactobacillus spp.</kwd>
    <kwd>interleukins IL-10 and IL-22</kwd>
    <kwd>high-precision synthesis</kwd>
    <kwd>GeneOptimizer platform</kwd>
    <kwd>automated gene assembly</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
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