The wood processing industry has extremely harmful effects on a state of environment and, consequently, on health of the people engaged in it. In particular, the influence of wood dust leads to the development of various diseases of respiratory organs, skin integuments and eyes. The greatest distribution in cleaning of air and dust stream which gained inertial cyclone dust collector which are the most effective, but demand the increase of efficiency of cleaning. Therefore the objective of the study is electrostatic field and ionic stream influence properties of wood dust in an inertial dust collector for increase of cleaning efficiency. The most hard-to-remove is fine dust which is less than 20 microns. For the increase in the efficiency of cleaning of air and dust stream there is a need of increase in the size of particles. Morphological, adhesive, cohesive properties, coagulation and aggregation under the influence of electrostatic field, unipolar and bipolar ionic streams were defined. The ionic stream and electrostatic field have impact on the average size of particles growth and on the form of the fonned units. It was established that bipolar influence is stronger than unipolar at the expense of Coulomb attraction allowing increasing the efficiency of cleaning of air and dust stream. At the same disperse structure the bipolar aerosol contains smaller number of chain units than a unipolar aerosol. In an electrostatic field the Coulomb attraction prevails resulting in lateral attraction of particles. At bipolar charging of particles and in an electrostatic field units do not break up to smaller particles that have to lead to increase in efficiency of cleaning of a dust and air stream in inertial cyclone dust collector. The security of safety and admissible working conditions of workers of woodworking productions is possible with application of electrostatic field in systems of aspiration.