In the article gross production and grain quality of spring wheat depending on many factors is re- viewed. The most important factor in a complex activating the vital functions of agricultural plants on the formation of high yields is soil fertility, more effi- cient reproduction, which occurs during activation of the biological factors. Experimental investiga- tions were carried out on the experimental field of Agricultural engineering institute of Mari state uni- versity on turf weakly ash medium loamy soil, in the topsoil which contained humus - 1.5-2.0 %, P2O5 - 20.6-25.6, K2 O - 10.3-15.6 mg / 100 g of soil, pH 5.9-6.2. Mineral fertilizers were applied at sow- ing treatment. Field experiments were carried out according to the scheme: 1 - winter rye without fertilizer (control); 2 - green manure of lupine bare fallow (45-64 t/ha of green mass of blue lupine in a phase of PPE beans); 3 - bare fallow of green ma- nure viciously (32-44 t/hectare of green mass); 4 - winter rye + making N77-90P29-34K10-14, designed to receive the planned yield of 3 t/hectare; 5 - win- ter rye + fertilizer amendments on the chopped straw of winter rye (2.5 t/hectare) when making a compensatory dose of nitrogen at the rate of 10 kg d.v. per 1 t of straw.