The purpose of the study was to examine ecological and taxonomic structure of birds in rural settlements of Russian Ishim Region. The work was carried out on the territory of seven eastern regions of the South of Tyumen Region. Three types of rural settlements of the given territory are examined. As a result of the research for large settlements in the Central forest-steppe noted 43 species of birds in the Northern forest- steppe to 40 species in portage 41. Average settlement on the subject of avifauna were studied in the southern taiga subzone, 47 bird species were identified. In small towns theaverage forest - 57 species in the Northern forest-steppe - 59 species in portage - 52 species in the southern taiga of the 50 species. In total 68 species of birds from 44 genera, 21 families and 7 orders were recorded. Species composition and ecological structure of bird communities are defined. The differences in the environmental structure of avifauna towns by type of food, confinement to habitats, the nature of the host birds, and the degree of centropomidae depending on both the type of settlements and provisions in specific climatic zone are revealed. The type of synanthropization is dominat- ed by asinantropes (61 %).On the nature of stay the group of seasonal stay (45.5 %) dominates. According to the type of food there is a discrepancy in dominant groups. So, in large settlements birds, in small and medium-sized settlements - insectivorous birds (30.8 %) omnivorous (19 %) dominate. According to the type of confinement to habitats in all types of settlements and all subzones dendrophile dominate (72 %).