employee from 01.01.2015 until now
Smolensk, Russian Federation
VAK Russia 4.1.2
VAK Russia 4.1.3
VAK Russia 4.1.4
VAK Russia 4.1.5
VAK Russia 4.2.1
VAK Russia 4.2.2
VAK Russia 4.2.3
VAK Russia 4.2.4
VAK Russia 4.2.5
VAK Russia 4.3.3
VAK Russia 4.3.5
UDC 636.2.034
UDC 636.2
The objective of the study is to determine the parameters of genetic variability and the relationship bet-ween defects and exterior traits in Red-and-White cows. The sample size was 1,343 daughters of 40 Red-and-White breeding bulls, with an average of 33 daughters per bull, from 10 farms in the Voronezh Region. The computational algorithm was implemented using specialized software: REMLF90, BLUPF90. Genoty-pic and paratypic correlations are based on the use of a mixed multi-trait model. The main defects include a sway back, weak pasterns, set-in tail root, and extra teats. The incidence of these defects ranges from 9 % to 16.5 %. Analysis of the heritability coefficients (h²) of exterior traits showed the following: according to system "B" - overall score (h² = 0.07) and general appearance (h2 = 0.09). The remaining traits of sys-tem "B" are also characterized by low heritability. According to the "A" system – the attachment of the front lobes of the udder (h2 = 0.21) and the length of the front lobes (h2 = 0.29), the height of the attachment of the hind lobes (h2 = 0.43) and the width of the hind lobes (h2 = 0.33). In relation to the limbs – the hoof angle (h2 = 0.04) and the stance of the hind legs (h2 = 0.08). A sagging back is characterized by strong positive correlations with the depth of the body (0.48), the strength of the constitution (0.49) and the length of the sacrum (0.41). A roof-shaped sacrum has negative correlations with height (–0.44) and soundness of constitution (–0.58), a stylous sacrum – with body depth (–0.59) and height (–0.58), and a positive correlation with pelvic position (0.63). High withers correlate with body depth (0.58) and the expression of milk forms (0.67). A swayback is characterized by strong positive correlations with body depth (0.48), soundness of constitution (0.49), and sacrum length (0.41). For practical application on farms, a system of livestock quality control is proposed, including regular linear assessment of the entire breeding stock, monito¬ring the frequency of occurrence of the main conformation faults, and taking into account genetic correlations when planning breeding activities. Particular attention should be paid to selection against highly heri¬table faults, such as close hocks (h2 = 0.35) and shallow back hoof walls (h2 = 0.73).
exterior, exterior defects, Red-and-White breed, heritability, correlation
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